Attaining force direction from cutting operation.

This machine will perform three main modes of cutting. These are:

Climb milling

 Climb milling in this image the cutter is rotating in a clockwise direction and the arrow dictates the workpiece direction.

Characteristics of climb milling:

Generally a better finish on the surface. This is because less force is applied to the material at the end of each chip formation. I.e each touch that passes through the material.

Chips are ejected behind the cutter resulting in chips not being drawn into the cutter.

As the chip formed from thick to thin as the tooth passes through the material this causes peak force to be perpendicular to the feed direction. Tangential force calculated in the previous post is where chip formation is at its thickest dictated by incorporating face area of chip. Thus in climb milling this will be at the start of the cut. So if using the example force as dictated in previous posts for aluminum this will apply 86N when the tooth of the cutter is perpendicular to the cutting surface. This direction will be perpendicular to the force. Thus if a climb milling cut is performed in the Y direction it will apply force to the Z Axis.

This image dictates conventional milling. The rotational direction of the cutter is the same as climb milling. The arrow also dictates work feed direction.

The thickest chip will occur at the end of the cut. It will apply force perpendicular to the cutting face at that point. Thus again like climb milling the force will be perpendicular to the feed direction.

A slot will have the same force direction.

Its worth noting that climb milling although causing perpendicular forces will in fact be in opposing directions to each other. With climb milling the cut is likely to deflect the cutter away from the workpiece where as conventional milling the cutter will deflect towards the workpiece due to it essentially creating a reaction force as it "scoops" out the chip towards the end of the cut.